A virtual machine is a fake machine that runs inside of a real machine. The physical machine, and the operating system it runs, is referred to as the “Host”, while the virtual machine is referred to as the “Guest”, “Virtual Machine” or “VM”. A virtual machine uses the same keyboard, mouse, and monitor, and shares them with the operating system running on the physical machine. Virtual machines are very useful for people needing to use multiple operating systems, or different configurations of the same operating system. Generally speaking it's possible to run any operating system that you can install on a regular PC into a virtual machine, so long as the required resources are available. For instance, you can run multiple Windows and Linux operating systems in a virtual machine. But you can't run OSX, because Apple's OSX will check to see that you have Apple hardware before allowing the installation.
Because even here at NIMBioS – in Linux haven – you are not safe from the clutches of the Microsoft Empire…
Usually this is done for you by the IT staff, but it is possible to install as many virtual machines as you want, so long as you have storage space and resources to run it.
cd /home/groups/everybody/IT/VBoxes/Windows-10
./install
The install script will plop down a fresh Windows-10 virtual machine for you. If you already have a Windows virtual machine then don't worry, this won't overwrite your existing virtual machine. Instead it will give the new one a different name.
For the most part you will use Windows just as you would normally. You open applications, click on stuff and type the things. The real discrepancies between your Windows virtual machine and Windows running on a physical machine come into play when you choose where to store files, and when you need to use the virtual machine to access physical devices.
Groups
you will find all the same files that you find with the Linux file manager if you were to go the /home/groups/
directory:Media
you will find the mount point for any removable media currently mounted by the Linux operating system.Media
shared folder is one method for giving the virtual machine access to removable media mounted on Linux without the need for going through any extra steps. However, this does mean that for writable media, like USB drives, you will need to use Linux to eject the device before you can safely remove it.
Don't store anything on the Windows virtual machine itself except applications. There are two reasons for this:
As a reminder, the most commonly-used locations in your Windows virtual machine will contain shortcuts to the Home
shared folder. For example, this is what the Documents
folder looks like in the file explorer:
Q: But applications often assume that they should save to places like Downloads
, or Documents
, or something similar.
A: I know. Which is why it's still allowed. Some programs will balk and refuse to work if I try to replace them with shortcuts directly to the appropriate location under the Home
folder. But if the file is important to you and you want it backed up properly, then move it to the Home
folder when you get a chance.
Q: But that's an extra step for each file!
A: I know. But most applications allow you to tell it where to store files, and will remember that location in the future. Do that for every application that you can and then you're good to go.
Devices
> Optical Drives
.Host Drive
will attach the physical CD/DVD drive of your workstation to the virtual machine, and any disk in there will be visible to Windows.*.iso
image file then select Choose Disk Image
and navigate to the location of your ISO file and select it.Remove disk from virtual drive
will eject it.
If you don't like the idea of going through Linux to access removable media then you can mount it directly to your virtual machine.
Camera
. But if you have multiple USB drives plugged in then they may simply be listed as Generic Mass Storage Device
. If you have multiple devices like this plugged in, then first take note of what's already attached before you plug in anything new.Devices
> USB
.Devices
> USB
.
Q: But wouldn't it be far more useful if storage devices were listed by their drive labels? For instance, if I labeled one USB drive “MyPetPictures” and another one “ImportantDocuments”, then I'd know which one to attach!
A: Yes. Yes it would. It would be far more useful, in fact. And I have longed for the day that Virtualbox is smart enough to do just that.
IMPORTANT: Always Eject Your USB Drives!
Windows and Linux both use what's called “caching” filesystems. This means that when you save a file not all of it is written out immediately to the device. Some data may be left in memory for a while as the operating system waits for more data before writing it all out. This is a speed optimization feature that makes the user experience smoother and more pleasant. But the downside is that if you don't eject your media before you remove the device you risk data loss and file corruption. Consider yourself warned.
IMPORTANT: Never attach your keyboard or mouse!
VirtualBox already knows how to share the mouse and keyboard with the Linux workstation. If you attach them directly to the virtual machine then those devices will no longer be accessible to Linux. You won't be able to click on anything outside the VirtualBox windows, nor will you be able to detach them from your virtual machine, until you shut your virtual machine down. If you accidentally attach your mouse or keyboard, first shut down and restart your virtual machine. (NOTE: Actually choose Shutdown
, not Reboot
. You want the virtual machine to exit and the windows to disappear, then you want to click the Start
button in the VirtualBox application to bring everything back. Simply clicking Reboot
won't do the trick.) If that doesn't work, ask an IT staff member for help.
Just like a real machine, it is always recommended that you go through the proper shutdown procedure to exit your virtual machine. Modern operating systems use what's called “caching” filesystems that may still have data sitting in memory, waiting to be written out, even after you have clicked Save
and exited the program. Without a proper shutdown you risk data loss and file corruption. Consider yourself warned.
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